The tutorial was prepared in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3++ in the specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine (2024), the basic professional educational programme in the specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine (2024), the curriculum of the specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine (2024), the work program of the discipline "Medical Genetics" (2024) for students majoring in the specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine, and is intended for mastering general professional (GPC–1, GPC–2) and professional (PC–5, PC–6, PC–8) competencies in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard 3++.The textbook presents current data on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and modern methods of diagnosis of malignant neoplasms, and also provides a description of hereditary tumor syndromes. The publication includes tests and situational tasks with examples of answers.