The whole text has been thoroughly revised. The syllabus has been covered as per the competency-based Medical Education Curriculum (NMC) guidelines. All essential viva questions have been discussed. Comprehensive information and compact illustrations, diagrams, actual graphs/recordings and flowcharts have been incorporated. Physio-clinical significance has been added wherever relevant. Important notes have been incorporated and key points highlighted. Detailed objective structured practical examination (OSPE) for each practical. List of Practicals requiring certification added.
