Содержание
3 Preface
5 CHAPTER 1. THE ROLE OF BIOLOGY IN A SYSTEM OF MEDICAL EDUCATION
5 1.1. Biology as a natural science about life
5 1.2. The essence of life. The life organization levels
8 1.3. The biology role in doctors training
9 CHAPTER 2. THE NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN LIVING ORGANISMS
9 2.1. The structure of nucleic acids
14 2.2. The organization of hereditary material of non-cellular forms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes
18 2.3. The genetic information coding
20 CHAPTERS. CELL BIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY
20 3.1. The cytology as a science. Cell theory, its value for medicine
21 3.2. The cell morphology
30 3.3. The organization of information, energy and substance flow in a cell
36 3.4. The cell physiology
37 3.4.1. The mitosis
38 3.4.2. The meiosis
40 3.4.3. The endomitosis and polyteny
41 3.4.4. The amitosis
41 3.4.5. The cell proliferation
42 3.4.6. The mechanisms providing cell division
43 3.5. The cell death
43 3.5.1. Necrosis
43 3.5.2. Apoptosis
45 CHAPTER 4. MAMMALIAN AND HUMAN REPRODUCTION
45 4.1. The classification of reproduction types
46 4.1.1. The asexual reproduction
47 4.1.2. The sexual reproduction
48 4.2. The features of human spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Their regulation by hormones
53 4.3. The insemination. The fertilization
55 4.4. The human fertilization
57 4.5. The biological sex determination in a human
59 4.6. The human hermaphroditism. The transsexualism
60 4.7. The contemporary reproductive strategy of humankind
62 4.8. The bioethics. The ethical and justice aspects of interventions in human reproduction
63 CHAPTER 5. GENETICS AS A SCIENCE. GENE LEVEL OF HEREDITARY MATERIAL ORGANIZATION
63 5.1. Genetics, its subject, aims, stages of development
65 5.2. Gene level of hereditary information organization
67 5.3. The gene expression and repression
71 5.4. DNA reparation
72 5.5. The statements of gene theory
73 5.6. The genetic engineering
78 5.7. The bioethical aspects of genetic engineering
78 CHAPTER 6. CHROMOSOME AND GENOME LEVELS OF HEREDITARY MATERIAL ORGANIZATION IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
78 6.1. The sex genetics
81 6.2. The gene linkage. The Morgan’s rule
82 6.3. The chromosome maps
83 6.4. The statements of chromosome theory of inheritance
84 6.5. The genome level of hereditary material organization
86 6.6. The cytoplasmic material of heredity
87 CHAPTER 7. THE PRINCIPLES OF TRAITES INHERITANCE DURING REALIZATION OF GENOTYPE TO PHENOTYPE
87 7.1. The monogenic inheritance
90 7.2. The polygenic inheritance
91 7.3. The genetic factors value in phenotype formation
95 7.4 The environmental factors influence on realization of genotype to phenotype
96 CHAPTER 8. DIVERSITY
97 8.1. The phenotypic diversity
97 8.1.1. The modificational diversity
98 8.1.2. The ontogenetic diversity
99 8.2. The genotypic diversity
99 8.2.1. The combinative diversity
100 8.2.2. The mutational diversity
106 CHAPTER 9. HUMAN GENETICS
106 9.1. The methods of human genetics studying
106 9.1.1. The pedigree analysis
109 9.1.2. The cytogenetic method
110 9.1.3. The statistic method
111 9.1.4. The twins method
112 9.1.5. The biochemical methods
112 9.1.6. The molecular-genetic methods
113 9.2. The prenatal diagnostics of hereditary diseases
115 9.3. The human genetics value for medicine
115 CHAPTER 10. HUMAN HEREDITARY DISEASES
115 10.1. The classification of human hereditary diseases
116 10.2. The diseases of metabolic exchange
121 10.3. The human chromosome diseases
124 10.4. The cytoplasmic diseases
124 CH APTER 11. THE PRINCIPLES OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
124 11.1. The ontogenesis, its types and periods
126 11.2. The characteristics of embryonic development
130 11.3. The provisional organs and their role in mother-fetus relationship
132 11.4. The course of human development
134 11.5. The gene controlling of embryonic development
137 11.6. The embryonic induction
137 11.7. The critical periods in embryogenesis
137 11.8. The environmental factors role in embryogenesis
138 11.9. The correlations in ontogenesis. The ontogenesis as a holistic process
140 CHAPTER 12. POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS. AGING AND DEATH OF ORGANISM
140 12.1. Postnatal ontogenesis
140 12.2. The growth of the organism
141 12.3. Influence of external and internal factors of environment on the growth of organisms
144 12.4. Acceleration
144 12.5. Constitution
146 12.6. Aging. Role of biological and social factors in the aging
147 12.6.1. Hypothesis of aging
148 12.6.2 Death ofthe organism. Euthanasia
150 CHAPTER 13. ONTOGENETIC HOMEOSTASIS
150 13.1. General laws of homeostasis
151 13.2. Genetic mechanisms of homeostasis
151 13.2.1 Transplantation of organs and tissues
153 13.2.2. Moral, ethical and legal aspects of transplantation of tissues and organ
154 13.2.3. Preservations oftissue and organs
155 13.3. Cellular mechanisms of homeostasis
158 13.4. System mechanisms ofhomeostasis
160 13.5. Aging and homeostasis
161 13.6. Biological rhythms and homeostasis
163 CHAPTER 14. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
163 14.1. Skin coverings
164 14.2. Skeleton
166 14.3. Brain
167 14.4. Digestive system
169 CHAPTER 15. POPULATION STRUCTURE OF HUMANKIND
169 15.1. Population. Its ecological and genetic characteristics
170 15.2. Features of humankind population structure
171 15.3. Influence o f elementary evolutionary factors on human populations
171 15.3.1. Mutations
171 15.3.2. Isolation
172 15.3.3. Genetic drift
173 15.3.4. Natural selection
174 15.4. Genetic polymorphism of human populations
176 15.5. Genetic load, its medical value
178 CHAPTER 16. FUNDAMENTALS OF ECOLOGY. ANTHROPOECOLOGY
178 16.1. Ecology and its aims and value
178 16.2. The biological systems studing by ecology
180 16.3. Anthropoecology
182 16.3.1. Environmental variability and adaptability of the human types
183 16.3.2. Biological and social aspects of adaptation of the population to living conditions
184 16.3.3. Health as a category of anthropoecology
185 16.3.4. Anthropocenology
187 CHAPTER 17. GENERAL MATTERS OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY
187 17.1. Parasitism. Its kinds
187 17.2 Origin of parasitism
188 17.3. The object and purpose of medical parasitology. Classification of parasitic diseases
190 17.4. Parasites and their characteristics
191 17.5. Host of parasite
192 17.6. Ways of entry parasites in the host organism
193 17.7. Relations in the system parasite-host. Parasitocenoses
193 17.8. The concept about natural regions of parasite diseases
194 17.9. Prevention of parasitic diseases
195 CHAPTER 18. MEDICAL PROTOZOOLOGY
195 18.1. Protists, their characteristics and classification
197 18.2. Phylum Sarcodina
199 18.3. Phylum Zoomastigota
203 18.4. Phylum Sporozoa
213 18.5. Phylum Ciliophora
216 CHAPTER 19. MEDICAL HELMINTHOLOGY
216 19.1. Phylum Plathelminthes
217 19.1.1. Class Trematoda
222 19.1.2. Class Cestoidea
229 19.2. Phylum Nemathelminthes
230 19.2.1. Geohelminthes of Class Nematoda
234 19.2.2. Contact helminthes of Class Nematoda
234 19.2.3. Biohelminths of Class Nematoda
237 CHAPTER 20. MEDICAL ARACHNOENTOMOLOGY
237 20.1. Class Arachnida (Arachnoidea)
238 20.1.1. Ticks as vectors of pathogens vector-borne diseases
240 20.1.2. Mites as parasites of human skin
243 20.1.3. Mtes as inhabitants housing human
243 20.2. Class Insecta
244 20.2.1. Order Cockroaches (Blattoidea)
244 20.2.2. Order Lice (Anoplura)
246 20.2.3. Order Fleas (Aphaniptera)
247 20.2.4. Order Diptera
250 CHAPTER 21. POISONOUS LIVING ORGANISMS AS AN ECOLOGICAL PHENOMENON
250 21.1. Poisonous fungi
253 21.2. Poisonous plants
253 21.2.1. Poisonous organs of plants
254 21.2.2. Toxic substances and their mechanisms of action of plant poisons
256 21.2.3. Poisonous higher plants
259 21.2.4. Rational use and protection of poisonous plants
260 21.3. Poisonous animals
260 21.3.1. Features of poisons animals
261 21.3.2. Poisonous Coelenterates
262 21.3.3. Poisonous Arthropods
264 21.3.4. Poisonous Fishes
265 21.3.5. Poisonous Amphibians
265 21.3.6. Poisonous Reptiles
266 21.3.7. Protection and use of poisonous animals
267 Literature
%
Одностраничный режим чтения
Основной режим чтения
Тэги
Заметки
Отправить на печать
Видео
Доп.материалы
Содержание

Medical biology and general genetics

Авторы: Бекиш В. Я., Бекиш В. В.
Вернуться на сайт
Открыть для копирования
В книге
На странице
Скачать выбранные
/ 274
1 274
Копирование: 137 (137) страниц | Печать: 54 (54) страницы
Ограничения на печать и копирование введены правообладателем. В скобках
указан остаток по каждому пункту с учетом того, что Вы уже использовали