Содержание
3 Preface
4 Using of QR Codes
5 List of abbreviations
6 Content
13 1. FIRS AID CONCEPT. PERSONAL SAFETY WITH FIRST AID
13 Definition of first aid. The goals of first aid. First aid contents
13 The concept of danger in carrying medical activities. Personal safety rules for first aid
14 Concept of infection: sources, routes and factors of transmission
17 Prevention of infections associated with first aid
17 Personal protective equipment
19 Hygienic hand skin antisepsis
20 Practical skill “Removal contaminated gloves”
21 Practical skill “Hygienic hand washing”
23 Practical skill “Hygienic hand antisepsis”
25 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
25 First aid algorithm
25 Checking an emergency situation scene
27 Checking a person at the emergency situation scene
28 Checking an adult person who appears to be unresponsive
30 Checking a child who appears to be unresponsive
31 Checking a responsive person
36 Activating the EMS system
37 Common rules of giving care until EMS personnel take over
38 Obtaining consent to help
39 Providing first aid care for any conditions found
43 Multiple casualty management (triage)
45 Practical skill “Examination of an accident scene”
48 Practical skill “Evacuation a casualty from a car after a road accident”
50 Practical skill “Secondary examination of a person at an accident scene”
53 Practical skill “Recovery position”
55 Practical skill “Radial (wrist) pulse taking”
56 Practical skill “Respiratory rate counting”
57 Practical skill “Measurement of blood pressure by auscultation through a stethoscope for Korotkoff sounds”
60 3. FIRST AID KITS AND OTHER MEDICAL AND MAKESHIFT ITEMS FOR FIRST AID
60 Purpose and appearance of a first aid kits
60 Contents of first aid kits
64 Other medical items for first aid
64 Makeshift items for first aid
66 4. TERMINAL PATIENT'S CONDITIONS. CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
66 Circulatory system
66 Cardiac arrest
67 First aid care for cardiac arrest
68 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
69 CPR to an adult
73 CPR to an infant and a child
75 Automatic external defibrillator (AED)
77 Using an AED on an adult
78 Using an AED on a child and an infant
78 CPR team work
79 Practical skill “CPR: Chest compressions”
81 Practical skill “CPR: Rescue breaths using a bag-mask device”
82 Practical skill “CPR: Rescue mouth-to-mouth breaths”
84 Practical skill “CPR: Defibrillation with an AED”
85 Practical skill “CPR: Team work (two responders). Rescue breaths using a bag-mask device. Defibrillation with AED”
89 5. FIRST AID FOR ASPHYXIA
89 Respiratory system and mechanism of breathing
90 Breathing problems
91 Effective and ineffective breathing
92 Choking
92 Caring for an adult or child who is choking
95 Caring for an infant who is choking
96 First aid for a drowning
98 First aid for a strangling
98 First aid for a compressive asphyxia
99 Practical skill “First aid for a conscious adult who is choking”
101 Practical skill “First aid for an infant who is choking”
102 Practical skill “First aid for a person who is drowning”
104 6. FIRST AID IN CASE OF ELECTRIC SHOCK AND LIGHTNING
104 Factors of the electric shock injuries. Physiological reactions caused by electric current
105 Electric shock injuries
106 Safety rules when providing first aid to a person in case of electric shock
106 Electric shock first aid
107 First aid for lightning injuries
109 7. FIRST AID FOR HYPERTHERMIA
109 Thermoregulation
109 Heat-related illnesses
110 Heat cramps
110 Heat exhaustion
111 Heat stroke
113 8. FIRST AID FOR HYPOTHERMIA
113 Hypothermia
114 Signs and symptoms of hypothermia
114 First aid for hypothermia
115 Immersion hypothermia
117 9. FIRST AID FOR BURNS AND FROSTBITE
117 Skin
117 Characteristics and types of burns
118 Signs and symptoms of burns
119 Fires
120 First aid care for heat burns
122 Chemical burn
123 Electrical burn
123 Sunburn
124 Frostbite
125 Practical skill “First aid for a heat burn”
126 Practical skill “First aid for a chemical burn to the eye”
128 10. FIRST AID FOR WOUNDS AND BLEEDINGS
128 Wounds
129 Consequences and complications of a wound
130 First aid for minor close wounds
130 First aid for minor open wounds
131 First aid for major open wounds
132 Dressings. Wound bandaging
135 Bleeding
136 Signs and symptoms of bleeding
136 Ways to stop bleeding
140 Open wounds with embedded objects
140 Traumatic avulsion and amputation
141 Practical skill “Stopping of an external bleeding with a direct manual compression and a compressive bandage”
143 Practical skill “Stopping of an external bleeding with an Esmarch type haemostatic tourniquet”
146 11. FIRST AID FOR MUSCLE, BONE AND JOINT INJURIES
146 Bones, muscles, and joints
147 Strains and sprains
147 Fractures
148 Joint dislocations
149 Collarbone injury
149 Shoulder injury
150 Elbow injury
150 Forearm and wrist injuries
150 Hand and finger injuries
151 Hip and thigh injuries
151 Lower leg injuries
152 Knee injury
152 Ankle injury
152 Foot and toe injuries
153 General first aid for muscle, bone and joint injuries
154 Immobilization
157 Practical skill “Immobilization of an arm with a broad arm sling (triangular bandage)”
159 Practical skill “Immobilization of a foot and shin with a foldable splint”
160 Practical skill “Immobilization of a shoulder with a wire splint”
162 Practical skill “Immobilization for femur fracture with makeshift items”
163 Practical skill “Autoimmobilization for fractures of the shinbone (tibia)”
165 12. FIRST AID FOR HEAD, NECK AND SPINE INJURIES
165 The head, the neck, the spine and the nervous system
167 Head injures
168 Brain and skull injuries
170 Facial injuries
171 Lower jaw injuries
171 Cheekbone and nose injuries
172 Mouth, lip, tongue and dental injuries
173 Eye injuries
173 Ear injuries
176 Spinal injuries
178 Practical skill “Immobilization of a neck with a cervical collar”
179 Practical skill “Stopping of an external bleeding from a penetrating wound of the skull”
182 Practical skill “Stopping of an external bleeding in the neck”
184 Practical skill “Stopping of a nosebleed”
185 Practical skill “Spine immobilization at an accident scene”
186 Practical skill “Turning a person with a spinal injury on person’s side using log-roll technique. Team work (four responders)”
188 Practical skill “Spine immobilization with a long spine board. Team work (three responders)”
190 Practical skill “Rinsing out a foreign object in the eye”
191 Practical skill “First aid for insect inside the ear”
193 13. FIRST AID FOR CHEST AND ABDOMEN INJURIES
193 Chest and abdomen
193 Chest injuries
195 Penetrating chest wounds
196 Abdominal injuries
197 Practical skill “First aid for abdominal injury with protruding organs”
199 14. FIRST AID FOR SHOCK, LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND CONVULSIONS
199 Shock
201 Fainting
203 Seizure
204 Hypoglycemia
205 Stroke
207 Practical skill “First aid for a shock”
208 Practical skill “First aid for a fainting”
210 Practical skill “First aid for a stroke”
211 15. FIRST AID FOR ILLNESSES
211 Medications administration
212 Angina and heart attack
214 Asthma attack
215 Fever
216 Abdominal pain
219 Vomiting and diarrhea
221 Allergic reaction and anaphylaxis
223 Practical skill “First aid for a heart attack”
225 Practical skill “First aid for an asthma attack”
226 Practical skill “First aid for a motion sickness”
227 Practical skill “First aid for an anaphylactic shock”
229 16. FIRST AID FOR POISONING, INSECT STINGS AND ANIMAL BITES
229 Poisoning
230 Poisoning recognition
230 General first aid for poisoning
231 First aid for swallowed poisons
233 First aid for inhaled poisons
235 First aid for absorbed poisons
235 First aid for animal bites
235 First aid for insect stings
236 First aid for tick bite
236 Snake bite
238 17. PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID
238 Psychological first aid understanding
239 Safety, dignity and rights in PFA
240 Account of the person‘s culture in PFA
241 Good communication
242 Action principle of PFA – look
243 Action principle of PFA – listen
244 Action principle of PFA
246 Giving of information in PFA
247 Connection with social support in PFA
247 PFA ending
248 Practical skill “Conversation with a distressed adult”
250 REFERENCES
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First aid. Manual of simulation trainings

Авторы: Редненко В. В., Артюшевская В. С., Астапеня Е. В., ... Брикез Ю. И.
Зуева М. В.
Климов О. Г.
Коробов Г. Д.
Макарова О. С.
Поплавец Е. В.
Редненко Л. И.
Талаш О. В.
Толяронок Д. А.
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